Askar
Amerika Syarikat melakukan pemeriksaan radio semasa rondaan di Mosul, 390 km (240
batu) di utara Baghdad (A U.S. soldier performs a radio check during a patrol
in Mosul, 390 km (240 miles) north of Baghdad (Reuters/Saad Shalash - thinkINpictures @1WORLD Community)
Srikandi | SrikandiTV - Yang
pesat membangun serangan Al-Qaeda memaksa kerajaan Iraq bukan sahaja untuk
membeli lebih banyak senjata Amerika dan bekalan, tetapi juga untuk gaji
tentera tentera upahan dan kontraktor swasta, sebelum ini disewa oleh Jabatan
Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat.
Menurut
Wall Street Journal, lebih daripada 5,000 pakar telah dikontrakkan oleh
kerajaan Iraq. Mereka kini bekerja di negara ini sebagai para penganalisis,
jurulatih tentera, pengawal keselamatan, penterjemah dan juga tukang masak.
2,000 daripada mereka adalah rakyat Amerika.
“Anda
mempunyai situasi di mana kerajaan telah menjadi yang bergantung kepada
kon-traktor,” Allison Stanger, seorang profesor politik - sains di Middlebury
College, mem-beritahu WSJ. “Ia satu anjakan kuantum sebenar.”
“Tugas2
tentera sebenarnya, telah ‘Outsourcing di Iraq,” mengesahkan penganalisis
Steven Schooner, seorang profesor di Universiti George Washington Law School.
Hubungan
Washington dengan Baghdad telah melalui transformasi besar. Secara rasmi,
Amerika Syarikat mempunyai hanya beberapa ratus tentera di Iraq dan Jabatan
Perta-hanan Amerika Syarikat tidak kontrak syarikat-syarikat keselamatan swasta
untuk beroperasi di Iraq.
Namun,
perubahan besar dalam hubungan Amerika Syarikat - Iraq sekarang ialah Washington
tidak lagi memperuntukkan wang bajet operasi di Iraq. Ia adalah Baghdad yang
menghabiskan wang pada senjata Amerika, kenderaan dan peralatan, manakala
syarikat-syarikat pertahanan Amerika mendapatkan wang di Iraq dengan meletakkan
kontraktor tentera di sana.
Syarikat
pertahanan swasta seperti Triple Kanopi dan DynCorp Antarabangsa, menyediakan
kontrak berbilion di Iraq untuk tahun akan datang.
Washington
secara aktif membantu kerajaan Iraq dalam memerangi keganasan, membe-kalkan
Baghdad dengan drones dan sedang menimbangkan training beberapa pasukan elit negara tentera di jiran Jordan.
Satu
operasi serangan terhadap Negara Islam Iraq dan Levant (ISIS), puak yang Al
-Qaeda kini menduduki Fallujah, adalah berjanji untuk menjadi satu usaha yang
serius yang mem-beri faham penggunaan yang terbaik dalam senjata api, jadi
Baghdad adalah membeli $6 billion peralatan yang ketenteraan bernilai dari
Amerika Syarikat, termasuk 24 helikopter serangan Apache dan hampir 500
Hellfire peluru berpandu.
Contractors
flood into Iraq to give Al-Qaeda a run
for the money . . .
The
rapidly developing Al-Qaeda incursion is forcing the Iraqi government not only
to buy more American weapons and supplies, but also to payroll an army of
mercenaries and private contractors, previously hired by the US Defense
Department.
According
to the Wall Street Journal, more than 5,000 specialists have been contracted by
the Iraqi government. They are currently working in the country as analysts,
military trainers, security guards, translators and even cooks. Some 2,000 of
them are Americans.
“You
have a situation where the government has become dependent on contractors,”
Allison Stanger, a political-science professor at Middlebury College, told WSJ.
“It's a real quantum shift.”
“The
military task has, in fact, been outsourced in Iraq,” confirmed analyst Steven
Schooner, a professor at George Washington University Law School.
Washington’s
relationship with Baghdad has undergone a major transformation. Officially, the
US has just several hundred troops in Iraq and the US Defense Department does
not contract private security companies to operate in Iraq.
Yet
the major shift in US-Iraq relations now is that Washington is no longer
allocating budget money on operations in Iraq. It is Baghdad that spends money
on American weaponry, vehicles and equipment, while American defense companies
are earning money in Iraq by placing military contractors there.
Private
defense companies, such as Triple Canopy and Dyncorp International, have
multibillion contracts in Iraq for years to come.
Washington
is actively assisting the Iraqi government in fighting terrorism, supplying
Baghdad with drones and is considering training some of the country’s elite
military forces in neighboring Jordan.
An
assault operation against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), a
faction of Al-Qaeda currently occupying Fallujah, is promising to be a serious
undertaking implying the use of the utmost in firepower, so Baghdad is buying
$6 billion worth of military equipment from the US, including 24 Apache attack
helicopters and nearly 500 Hellfire missiles.
Helikopter
Tentera Amerika Syarikat AH - 64 Apache (The U.S. Army's AH-64 Apache
helicopter (Reuters/Kim Hong-Ji - thinkINpictures @1WORLD Community)
Sekumpulan
ahli parlimen Amerika Syarikat atas cubaan untuk menyekat (attempted to block) perjanjian Apache,
menyatakan kebimbangan bahawa menyediakan Iraq dengan helikopter dan senjata
lain untuk membantu pertempuran Al-Qaeda, juga bermakna baha-wa Perdana Menteri
Iraq Nouri al-Maliki mungkin menggunakannya terhadap pesaing beliau.
Tetapi
perjanjian itu namun telah dimuktamadkan dan kumpulan pertama helikopter
dijangka di Iraq tidak lama lagi, bersama-sama dengan peluru berpandu neraka.
Ini juga bermakna bahawa 200 lagi kontraktor akan datang ke Iraq untuk
memastikan helikopter beroperasi dengan baik.
Dalam
pada itu keganasan di Iraq adalah di record high. Militan al-Qaeda di
selatan memajukan negara dan biasa mengadakan tindakan keganasan (terror acts). Ia
seolah-olah kerajaan Iraq mempunyai pilihan selain turun pada (come down) pemberontakan
dengan daya maut.
Sejarah
berulang
Ia
mungkin tidak keterlaluan jika dikatakan bahawa perang di Iraq adalah seperti
jauh daripada lebih kerana ia adalah pada tahun 2003, walaupun dengan 2
perbezaan utama. Pertama: dalam ketiadaan Saddam Hussein tenteranya telah digantikan
dengan Muja-hidin Al-Qaeda. Yang Ke-2: tentera biasa Amerika Syarikat telah
digantikan oleh beribu-ribu kontraktor, Wall Street Journal melaporkan .
Selebihnya
tetap sama: tentera upahan Inggeris dijangka choreograph yang menyerang
bandar-bandar Iraq dipertahankan oleh pejuang Arab Al -Qaeda, tepat kerana ia
telah kembali pada tahun 2004 semasa Pertempuran Fallujah. Hari ini Fallujah,
diduduki oleh Al-Qaeda, kekal sebagai sasaran utama bagi kuasa-kuasa kerajaan
Iraq untuk serangan yang disokong oleh tentera upahan.
Tentera
Amerika Syarikat memasuki Iraq pada tahun 2003 dan secara rasmi menarik diri
dari negara ini pada tahun 2011. Di puncak perang terdapat 157.800 anggota
tentera Amerika di Iraq.
Jurucakap
Pentagon, Tentera Laut Komander Rang Undang-Undang Bercakap, melapor-kan bahawa
terdapat hanya 250 tentera Amerika di Iraq. Ini adalah sama ada anggota
per-khidmatan penasihat yang diberikan kepada Pejabat Kerjasama Keselamatan
menga-wasi interaksi tentera Amerika Syarikat dengan kuasa-kuasa Iraq, atau Kor
Marin penga-wal keselamatan mendapatkan kemudahan diplomatik Amerika Syarikat.
A
group of top US lawmakers attempted
to block the Apache deal, expressing
concerns that providing Iraq with helicopters and other arms to help battle
Al-Qaeda, would also mean that Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki might use
them against his rivals. But the deal has nevertheless been finalized and the
first batch of helicopters is expected in Iraq soon, along with the Hellfire
missiles. This also means that 200 more contractors will come to Iraq to ensure
the helicopters operate properly.
In
the meantime violence in Iraq is at a record
high. Al-Qaeda militants are
advancing in the country’s south and are staging regular terror
acts. It seems
the Iraqi government has little choice but to come
down on the insurgency with
deadly force.
History
repeats itself
It
is probably no exaggeration to say that the war in Iraq is as far from being
over as it was in 2003, with two major differences though. First: in the
absence of Saddam Hussein his troops have been replaced with Al-Qaeda
mujahedeen. Second: the US regular army has been supplanted by thousands of
contractors, the Wall Street Journal reports.
The
rest remains the same: English-speaking mercenaries are expected to choreograph
the storming of Iraqi cities defended by Arab-speaking fighters of Al-Qaeda,
exactly as it was back in 2004 during the Battle of Fallujah. Today Fallujah,
occupied by Al-Qaeda, remains the primary target for the Iraqi government
forces to assault backed by mercenaries.
US
troops entered Iraq in 2003 and officially withdrew from the country in 2011.
At the peak of war there were 157,800 American military personnel in Iraq.
Pentagon
spokesman, Navy Commander Bill Speaks, reported that there are only 250
American troops in Iraq. These servicemen are either advisers assigned to the
Office of Security Cooperation overseeing the US military interaction with
Iraqi national forces, or Marine Corps security guards securing US diplomatic
facilities.
Setiausaha
Negara Amerika Syarikat John Kerry (dariTengah) menimbulkan untuk gambar dengan
Marin Amerika Syarikat yang berpangkalan di Baghdad semasa lawatannya ke Kedutaan
Amerika Syarikat di Baghdad 24 Mac 2013. (Reuters/Jason Reed -
thinkINpictures @1WORLD Community)
Selepas
penarikan balik tentera Amerika Syarikat dari Iraq, kewajipan melindungi
kepen-tingan Amerika Syarikat di negara ini telah diturunkan kepada beribu-ribu
kontraktor dari Kementerian Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat dan agensi keselamatan
yang lain.
Menurut
Jabatan Negara Amerika Syarikat dan Pentagon, dianggarkan terdapat lebih 12,500
kontraktor di Iraq, bekerja untuk kerajaan Amerika Syarikat pada Januari 2013.
Pada Oktober, menurut laporan suku tahun, bilangan mereka telah menurun kepada
6,624 pakar. Kurang daripada satu perempat daripada mereka (1,626) adalah
rakyat Amerika, selebihnya adalah rakyat Iraq (2,191), dengan 2,807 pakar awam
dari negara-negara asing.
Rang
Undang-Undang bercakap berkata utama kontrak Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika
Syarikat yang terakhir di Iraq berakhir pada 15 Disember dan kini terdapat
sifar kon-traktor di Iraq diupah oleh Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat.
Di
mana semua orang2 kontraktor pergi? Mereka masih di Iraq, mengekalkan majalah
Dasar Luar.
FP
bertanya Triple Kanopi, sebuah syarikat pertahanan yang besar swasta dan
perlin-dungan untuk Amerika Syarikat Angkatan Khas veteran, untuk maklumat dan
tahu bahawa “Baru-baru ini semua agensi kerajaan Amerika Syarikat telah
mengurangkan pergantun-gan mereka kepada kontraktor kerana pemotongan bajet dan
telah de- scoped kontrak menyeluruh, termasuk di Iraq,” kata syarikat itu satu
kenyataan.
“Kontraktor
akan terus terlibat di Iraq dalam masa terdekat. Walau bagaimanapun, majoriti
kakitangan ini mungkin akan bekerja di projek-projek komersial ekstraktif dan
pembinaan,” kata syarikat itu.
Kontraktor
dari syarikat pertahanan terbesar Amerika menyediakan penyelenggaraan bagi
peralatan dan kenderaan sebelum ini dibeli oleh kerajaan Iraq dari Amerika
Syarikat, seperti helikopter, C -130 pesawat pengangkutan, kapal terbang pengawasan,
pesawat, peralatan komunikasi dan banyak lagi.
Sepanjang
tahun-tahun perang di Iraq dan Afghanistan terdapat pelbagai kes penipuan yang
berkontrak.
Suruhanjaya
Bebas Kongres Amerika Syarikat pada Pejanji perang ditentukan bahawa
sekurang-kurangnya $31 billion dalam pembiayaan Amerika Syarikat telah sia-sia
kerana “pengawasan yang lemah, penipuan, pembaziran, dan penyalahgunaan,” kata
bekas Wakil AS FP ini, Christopher Shays, yang digunakan bersama - kerusi
Suruhanjaya.
“Apabila
tentera terpaksa meninggalkan, ia menjadikan kita lebih bergantung kepada
kontraktor untuk keselamatan,” kata Shays, sambil menambah bahawa “Perkara yang
satu itu yang diberikan: Kami tidak boleh pergi ke perang tanpa kontraktor dan
kita tidak boleh pergi kepada keamanan tanpa kontraktor.”
Amerika
Syarikat telah didakwa membelanjakan lebih daripada $ 200 bilion pada
kon-traktor dalam kedua-dua Afghanistan dan Iraq sejak sedekad yang lalu.
Sekarang kerajaan $31 billion telah memindahkan perbelanjaan ini kepada
kerajaan Iraq, tentera kompleks perindustrian dan keselamatan swasta
syarikat-syarikat Amerika sudah bersedia untuk membuat kekayaan di Iraq.
After
the withdrawal of the US troops from Iraq, the duty of protecting US interests
in the country was relegated to thousands of contractors from the US Defense
Ministry and other security agencies.
According
to the US State Department and Pentagon, it is estimated there were over 12,500
contractors in Iraq, working for the US government as of January 2013. By
October, according to a quarterly report, their number had decreased to 6,624
specialists. Less than a quarter of them (1,626) were American citizens, the
rest were Iraqis (2,191), with 2,807 civilian experts from foreign countries.
Bill
Speaks said that the last major US Defense Department contract in Iraq ended on
December 15 and now there are zero contractors in Iraq hired by the US Defense
Department.
Where
did all those contractors go? They are still in Iraq, maintains the Foreign
Policy magazine.
The
FP asked Triple Canopy, a huge private defense company and sanctuary for the US
Special Forces veterans, for details and learnt that “Recently all US government
agencies have reduced their reliance on contractors due to budget cuts and have
de-scoped contracts across the board, including in Iraq,” the company said a
statement.
“Contractors
will continue to remain engaged in Iraq in the near future. However, the
majority of these personnel will likely be working on commercial extractive and
construction projects,” the company said.
Contractors
from America's biggest defense companies are providing maintenance for the
equipment and vehicles previously bought by the Iraqi government from the US,
such as helicopters, C-130 transport aircrafts, surveillance planes, drones,
communication equipment and more.
Over
the years of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan there have been multiple cases of
contracting fraud.
The
US Congress’ Independent Commission on Wartime Contracting determined that at
least $31 billion in US funding had been wasted due to “poor oversight, fraud,
waste, and abuse,” said FP’s former US Representative, Christopher Shays, who
used co-chair the Commission.
“When
the military had to leave, it made us even more dependent on contractors for
security,” Shays said, adding that “The one thing that's a given: We can't go
to war without contractors and we can't go to peace without contractors.”
The
US has allegedly spent over $200 billion on contractors in both Afghanistan and
Iraq over the last decade. Now that the US administration has transferred these
expenditures to the Iraqi government, the American military industrial complex
and private security companies are ready to make a fortune in Iraq.
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